Xi An

Xi'an spent longer as China's capital than any other city — more than a dozen dynasties, over a thousand years combined — and it was the eastern terminus of the Silk Road, the point where camel caravans from Central Asia unloaded after months of travel. Both facts explain everything about what's worth seeing here. The Terracotta Army, discovered by farmers digging a well in 1974, remains the single most famous archaeological find in China: thousands of individually sculpted life-sized soldiers, arranged in battle formation to guard the tomb of Qin Shi Huang, China's first emperor. It sits about an hour outside the city and deserves a half day.

Inside the city, the Ming Dynasty wall is one of the best-preserved in China and wide enough to walk or cycle the full 14-kilometer loop, offering a rare elevated view over the old town. The Muslim Quarter, centered on the Great Mosque, reflects Xi'an's Silk Road legacy directly — it's home to the city's Hui Muslim community and its densest concentration of street food, including biang biang noodles (named for the sound the dough makes when slapped against the counter) and yang rou pao mo, a mutton broth poured over hand-torn flatbread that's practically a civic dish.

Xi'an sits in a dry, seasonal climate: summers are hot and can be intensely so by July and August, winters are cold with occasional dry snow, and spring and autumn are, as with most of inland China, the most comfortable windows for walking the wall and standing in open-air pits at the Terracotta Army site. Two to three days covers the essentials comfortably, and Xi'an connects by high-speed rail to both Chengdu and Beijing in under five hours, making it a natural link in a longer central-China route.